Country	Type	Debt Counted (Numerator)	Legal Form	Standard Limit	Preferential Limit (FTB/Green/Age)	Income Basis	Portfolio Limit	Nature of Breach (Hard Cap)	Exemptions	Regulation Link
IE	LTI	Only the requested mortgage amount	Binding	3.5x	4.0x (FTB)	Gross	15% (on total new lending volume)	Fully exceedable; no upper cap	Bridging loans; Equity release	Central Bank of Ireland - Mortgage Measures
NO	DTI	All outstanding debt	Binding	5.0x	—	Gross	10% (8% in Oslo) quarterly	Fully exceedable; no upper cap	Debt restructuring loans if principal does not increase	Utlånsforskriften (Lending Regulation) § 12
UK	LTI	Only the requested mortgage amount	Binding	4.5x	—	Gross	15% (on number of loans)	Fully exceedable; no upper cap	Existing loan refinancing if debt does not increase	Bank of England FPC / FCA Regulations
SK	DTI	All outstanding debt	Binding	8.0x	9.0x (under 35 / FTB)	Net	5% (on portfolio volume)	Partially; absolute cap (Max: 9.0x)	Loans under 2000 EUR; certain state-supported schemes	NBS Decree No. 10/2016 (consolidated)
LV	DTI	All outstanding debt	Binding	6.0x	8.0x (Green / Energy-efficient)	Gross	10% (on new disbursements)	Fully exceedable; no upper cap	—	Latvijas Banka Macroprudential Framework